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imagine you’re designing a simple bolt. This bolt will be holding two heavy steel plates together in a bridge or in a skyscraper. When those plates are subjected to heavy loads, all that force is transferred directly into our bolt. If the stress generated inside that bolt exceeds the material’s strength… it is going to…

In the early 1900s, it was surprisingly common for ships to lose their propeller shafts, right in the middle of a voyage. And the strange part was, most of the time, it wasn’t because of a collision or even a bad storm. The shaft simply couldn’t handle the twisting forces acting on it anymore, and…